Awake craniotomy for drug-resistant non-oncological epilepsy: a systematic review of feasibility, reported safety, and seizure outcomes

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06 Nov 2026 0 comments

CONCLUSIONS: In carefully selected patients with drug-resistant non-tumor epilepsy involving or adjacent to eloquent cortex, AC with intraoperative functional mapping appears feasible and may help preserve neurological function while enabling tailored resection. The current evidence base remains limited by retrospective designs, heterogeneous populations and techniques, inconsistent outcome reporting, and sparse comparative data; therefore, efficacy and equivalence with surgery under general...