Diagnostic and Predictive CSF Biomarkers in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH): A Systematic Review

Aggregator

27 Oct 2026 0 comments

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive disorder clinically characterized by Hakim's triad: gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. iNPH treatment consists of neurosurgical implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal CSF diversion, whose outcome depends on an early and correct diagnosis. Currently, there is no specific diagnostic test to perform preoperatively. Still, the combination of neurological examination, gait analysis, neurocognitive...