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Abdominal Tics in Children and Adolescents: A Phenomenology-First Diagnostic Framework and Differential Diagnosis

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 17 Oct 2026

CONCLUSIONS: A phenomenology-first, red-flag-guided approach can improve diagnostic clarity and help clinicians avoid both reflexive investigation and premature attribution of organic disease to tics. This review provides a practical clinical triage framework for determining when an abdominal movement behaves like a tic, when targeted neurological or gastrointestinal investigation is indicated and when management can follow established tic-disorder principles.

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Habitual Diet, Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis, and alpha-Synucleinopathy Conversion in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 17 Oct 2026

CONCLUSIONS: Habitual diet in iRBD is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and predicts neurodegenerative progression. These findings highlight diet-microbiome interactions as modifiable targets for intervention in prodromal α-synucleinopathy. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Gut Microbiome Disruption in Traumatic Brain Injury and Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this analysis suggest that TBI is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and that microbiota-targeted therapies involving probiotics may improve inflammatory, gut-barrier, neurological, and functional outcomes. Although substantial heterogeneity was observed across several outcomes, particularly the GCS, the available evidence supports further investigation of microbiome-directed interventions as adjunctive strategies for TBI management. Standardized...

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Network Pharmacology-Guided Identification of Orientin from Passiflora incarnata Reveals Neuroprotective Effects Against Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity Through Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which current antiseizure medications are limited by incomplete seizure control and variable therapeutic responses, highlighting the need to identify new bioactive candidates. Passiflora incarnata (P. incarnata) has demonstrated neuropharmacological and anticonvulsant properties. However, the individual phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we integrated network...

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An Anti-Amyloidogenic Approach to Specifically Block Memory Consolidation in Mice for Therapeutic Intervention

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder triggered by exposure to a traumatic event, which manifests with anguish, intrusive memories, and negative mood changes. So far, there is no efficient treatment for PTSD other than symptomatic palliative care. However, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein-3 (CPEB3) has been recently associated with a potential risk gene for PTSD. Considering that the CPEB3 protein is a functional amyloid whose importance for...

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A Clinical Algorithm for Gynecomastia: From Diagnosis to Surgical Management

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

CONCLUSIONS: Across a 15-year cohort, idiopathic and drug-induced disease (chiefly spironolactone and antiandrogen-class agents) accounted for nearly 90% of adult cases. A stepwise algorithm based on examination, medication review, and selective endocrine and radiologic testing classified etiology in routine practice, and surgery matched to Simon grade remained the definitive treatment for long-standing, severe, or psychosocially distressing disease.

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After the Trip: A Qualitative Study of Healthy Individuals' Motor Experiences Following Different Doses of Psilocybin

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

CONCLUSION: This work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of psilocybin's multifaceted effects and their relevance to safety, therapeutic potential and future research in motor disorders. The findings will inform a broader dose-finding study and the design of proposed research on psilocybin-assisted physiotherapy for refractory motor functional neurological disorder.

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NLGN3 autism variants have distinct functional impact on synapses and sleep behavior in Drosophila

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

Neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) was first identified as a X-linked risk gene associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most reported variants are identified in males who inherited their variants from an unaffected mother, but de novo variants have also been identified in both affected heterozygous females and hemizygous males. The p.R451C variant was the initial variant associating NLGN3 with ASD and has been heavily investigated, yet little is known about the functional consequences of other NLGN3...

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Functional neurological disorder and sleep disturbances: from comorbidity to mechanistic insight

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

CONCLUSION: Discordance recurs between subjective and objective measures of sleep, sleepiness, and vigilance state, although direction and magnitude vary across domains. We propose this pattern may be relevant to interoceptive and predictive-processing models of FND, although evidence remains limited and does not establish a disorder-specific mechanism.

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Vilazodone Hydrochloride-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier In Situ Gel for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Antidepressant Delivery

PubMed - functional neurological disorder · Published 16 Oct 2026

The Oral delivery of vilazodone hydrochloride (VLZ), a serotonin partial agonist-reuptake inhibitor for major depressive disorder, suffers from extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, food-dependent absorption, and poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, limiting its central therapeutic impact. Here, VLZ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were engineered and embedded within a Poloxamer 407/188-chitosan thermosensitive in situ gel to enable direct nose-to-brain delivery. The NLCs...

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